Are teens depressed because of their phones?

In this day and age, teens can spend hours on their cell phones and become alienated by the world. Most teens do this as a way to calm down after a long day, but is it the factor that causes teens to become addicted? According to the International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, ” Research reports that high alienation can increase smartphoneaddiction“, (Lian, 2018).

Lian, L. (2018). Alienation as Mediator and Moderator of the Relationship Between Virtues and Smartphone Addiction Among Chinese University Students. International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction, 16(5), 1208–1218. https://doi-org.starkstate.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9842-z